Technology and economic growth in the pre-civil war period Essay

Innovation and financial development in the pre-common war period - Essay Example New water system strategies likewise gave increasingly arable land. An extra innovative change that had a major effect was the ascent of railways (Boyer, et al, 240). Rail inclusion extended almost multiple times over a multi year term. Americans of all classes had the option to travel uninhibitedly and easily. Maybe more than anything this assisted with opening up the West during this period. Culture was quickly expanding during this period as well, as American essayists searched inside to their spirit and outward to their developing nation. Essayists like Dickinson, Thoreau and Emerson distributed works that started the way toward characterizing what it intended to be American. A definition that would be painfully tried during the Civil War. The multi year time frame before the American Civil War was a time of incredible turn of events and change. Farming improved and railroads turned out to be increasingly conspicuous. American craftsmen and scholars won new regard. It is profoundly awful a lot of this development was lost in the butcher of the Civil

Sustainable Solutions Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Instructors pay Essay Instructors ought to be paid by understudy exhibitions. Instructors that I have experienced on a secondary school homeroom level couldn't care less about the children and the amount they are learning. They just consideration about the check. A portion of my Great educators are not compensated. Awkward instructors are secured. Whats best for the children isn't considered into the condition. Its everything about status. No place is that more clear than when lay-offs happen. When a decrease in staff is required, do schools keep the best educators? The appropriate response may shock you. On account of aggregate bartering gets the educators association has constrained down the throats of each school area in the state, schools consequently keep the instructors who have been there the longest; regardless of whether they are the least capable, and regardless of whether probably the most brilliant and best should be laid off to ensure those with status. That truly is the way it works. We will compose a custom exposition on Teachers pay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now No prize for work all around done. Simply pay and professional stability dependent on rank. Indeed, educators get an additional thousand bucks or so every year for additional school courses or degrees. Yet, even that strategy is a sham. Much appreciated indeed to the educators association, additional school classes dont must be identified with subjects the instructor really educate. Math instructors can get paid extra for taking school courses in Modern Feminist Philosophy or Medieval Basket Weaving. That is actually how it functions. Nothing in the present framework is intended to improve the nature of the training our children get. The present framework is structured simply to compensate position. Educators would be paid dependent on the expansion in the suitable information on understudies under the instructors guidance. For educating. Also, whenever lay-offs happen, school locale would keep the best educators, not simply the individuals who have been there the longest. Its that straightforward. For probably the first time, there would be some responsibility in government funded training. Some prize for a vocation all around done. Our present arrangement of paying instructors is intended to compensate educators for a certain something: position. The more drawn out theyve been there, the more they get paid. At the point when you reward something, you will in general get a greater amount of it. On the off chance that you dont reward something, you get less of it. That is actually whats occurring in our schools. The educators who have been there the longest get more cash and more employer stability whether or not they are working superbly. What we arent getting a greater amount of is understudy learning. Studies reliably show that to what extent an instructor has been educating has no relationship to understudy learning. This means we are compensating something that has nothing to do with the end goal of our schools! Its quite evident that the most ideal approach to get more understudy realizing which is the reason for our schools is to attach instructors pay to understudy learning. As it were, the more understudies learn, the more the educators will be paid. Also, truth be told, where this has been attempted it has worked! North Carolina, which offers monetary motivating forces to instructors for improved understudy learning, has demonstrated the best understudy improvement in math and perusing in the country in the course of recent years. Book index: .

A week of work

A week of work Last week was one of those weeks where I had either a test or something due every day of the week. Monday: 18.310 test corrections were due. 18.310 is Principles of Applied Mathematics, the discrete version (18.311 is the continuous version). In this class, the tests are deliberately made very difficult, but we can earn back up to half the points we lost if by correcting our mistakes. Its a nice feature. Tuesday: I had a 7-10 page (it ended up being 8 pages) paper due in 17.405, which is Politics and Conflict in the Middle East. My paper was on the relationship between religion and politics in Lebanon and Iraq. It was an interesting topic. Lebanese politics are really confusing, in case anyone was wondering. Wednesday: The weekly 18.310 problem set was due. It had a lot of implementing Euclids algorithm, which at first glance seems more like number theory than applied math. Well, it is number theory. But its useful in creating codes, which is why were learning about it. A lot of 18.310 has something to do with codes. Thursday: 9.71 midterm. I was pretty happy about it. 9.71 is fMRI and High-Level Vision. When I say this, unless Im talking to another course 9 major, the usual response is What?, so Ill explain that fMRI is functional magnetic resonance imaging. Its kind of like an MRI, except that it takes lots of pictures instead of just one, and instead of just showing the anatomy of your brain, it shows which parts are being activated. So the class is about the use of fMRI to study vision. Friday: The weekly 18.440 problem set was due. 18.440 is Probability and Random Variables. This problem set was on chapter 5, which is Continuous Random Variables. For all that, thoughI felt a little bogged down, but not overwhelmed with work. Having been in both situations, I can say that Id rather have my due dates for my classes be spread throughout the week than have all of them due on the same day. One of my major extracurricular activities was my part of the UA Committee on Orientations report on Orientation 2006 and the state of Orientation. More on that in a soon-to-be-written entry. What did you do last week?

Intelligent Design An Intelligent Way of Disguising Religion

Could Adam and Eve have been apes? Evolutionists say humans evolved from apes, but many religious people cannot swallow the thought. For years, religious people have voiced their unhappiness that schools teach evolution. The Bible says that God put all the plants, animals, and people on this planet, and evolution completely contradicts that. The idea of including creationism in schools has been brought to courts multiple times but with no success. Now the creationists have a new way of presenting it. They disguise it behind science and use the term Intelligent Design. Intelligent Design is a form of creationism under new terminology and is the attempt of many to incorporate religion into school systems and science education; it has no†¦show more content†¦Instead, they claim, some aspects of those organisms must have been created, fully formed, by a so-called ‘intelligent designer’† (McMaster). Anybody can notice that the words Intelligent Designer and God are synonymous which makes it a religious belief. One of the most recent and important court cases focusing on Intelligent Design is Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District (Matsumura). Dover High School fought to have Intelligent Design mentioned as a theory in science classes alongside the theory of evolution and to provide students with access to an Intelligent Design textbook (McMaster). In the end, Dover School District lost the case, but Intelligent Design gained much attention. Although Intelligent Design lost, that does not mean it will stop fighting. Intelligent Design claims to differ from creationism, but, truly, it is a more publicly accepted form of creationism. The most obvious difference between Intelligent Design and creationism is that Intelligent Design does not directly state who did the designing, nor does it affiliate itself with any religious texts like the Bible. People can assume on theirShow MoreRelatedEssay on Intelligent Design: The Best of Both Theories 1112 Words   |  5 Pagesschools. What if there was a different approach that took God out of the equation? Public high schools should allow a course in intelligent design to be included in the curriculum as a way of teaching both evolution and creationism without violating the separation of church and state. This is certainly easier said than done. Evolution, creationism, and intelligent design are defined by Merriam-Webster as follows: 1) â€Å"Evolution: a theory that the various types of animals and plants have their originRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesand transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its author endorse you or your use of the work). (2) Noncommercial You may not use this work for commercial purposes (for example, by inserting passages into a book that is sold to students). (3) NoRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesvaluable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’ sound scholarship and transparent style of writing set the book apart, making it an ingenious readRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagespolitical rivalries that generated and were in turn fed by imperialist expansionism, one cannot begin to comprehend the causes and consequences of the Great War that began in 1914. That conflict determined the contours of the twentieth century in myriad ways. On the one hand, the war set in motion transformative processes that were clearly major departures from those that defined the nineteenth-century world order. On the other, it perversely unleashed forces that would undermine Western world dominance Read MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pages Duncan asked with a confused look. We have crap happen around the world all the time. Famines here, wars there, Genocides there, it always stays constant. Is this that much different? You know, thats pretty disturbing when you put it that way, Thomas said in a stern voice. He let out a chuckle as he finally loosened up. This is different though. Its the same disease all over the world. And these riots are starting without provocation. Thats not all. There have even been media blackoutsRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesHartley Cleveland State University JOHN WILEY SONS, INC. VICE PRESIDENT PUBLISHER EXECUTIVE EDITOR ASSISTANT EDITOR PRODUCTION MANAGER PRODUCTION ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE MARKETING MANAGER ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER MARKETING ASSISTANT DESIGN DIRECTOR SENIOR DESIGNER SENIOR MEDIA EDITOR George Hoffman Lise Johnson Carissa Doshi Dorothy Sinclair Matt Winslow Amy Scholz Carly DeCandia Alana Filipovich Jeof Vita Arthur Medina Allison Morris This book was set in 10/12 New

Essay about How The Canadian Economy Is De - 2078 Words

The Canadian economy is determined largely by the United States economy threw the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The North American Free Trade Agreement was an agreement that came into effect on January 1,1995 which involves Mexico, Canada and the United States of America. This agreement is said to produce 1 billion to 3 billion dollar gains in each country. NAFTA ensures that a certain amount of goods produced and traded between the three countries has to have a minimum percentage of its parts produced in North America. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Free Trade agreement is between the United States and Canada. The Free trade agreement came into effect in 1989 even though three fourths†¦show more content†¦Since Canada does a lot of exporting of raw material these materials use to have such a high tariff and were not being as traded to their potential now they are being traded frequently to the U.S because of the FTA. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The FTA has allowed Canada and the U.S to â€Å"reduce trade obstacles by standardizing their product standards, testing and approval processes.† The FTA now states that Canada can’t restrict oil and natural gas exports to the United States therefore Canada can’t charge Americans higher prices in Canada. The FTA has excluded some industries from the agreement these industries are Agricultural, Cultural Industries, Social Insurance programs and Regional development programs. Since there are so many rules and regulations under the FTA a binational panel will settle the disputes. The panel settles these disputes by determine whether each country’s regulators are applying to their trade laws. Canada or the U.S can end the FTA by giving six months notice. Since U.S exports to Canada only account for a small 1.3 per cent of its GDP and Canadian exports to the U.S account for 20 per cent of its GDP, Canada can’t afford to lose this agreement while the end of this agreement would hardly even effect the U.S. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The NAFTA set up free trade over North America. Since Canada already had free trade with the U.S the NAFTA setShow MoreRelatedCanadian Army, Royal Canadian Air Force, And Canada1023 Words   |  5 Pagesdiverse and successful nation. Though Canada does not have the best military, Canada possesses a very strong economy, and Canada has successfully capitalized on its physical environment filled with vast and rich amounts of natural resources lead the nation to be one of the world’s richest nations. 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Language and Communication in Psychology Free Essays

string(240) " It is difficult to take no notice of incoming speech—even if attention is not used for receiving speech, a response will take place one will immediately respond on hearing a relevant sound for instance a someone own name \(Foder 1983\)\." Through detailed consideration of one selected area of investigation evaluate the progress made by researchers in developing explanations of key aspects of the psychology of language and communication. The study of language is frequently debated in different theories of human nature. The importance of language is relevant when it to comes to the work of philosophers, neuroscientist, humanist and psychologist. We will write a custom essay sample on Language and Communication in Psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Language has been applicable to Aristotle, Plato, Hume, Locke, Freud and Skinner. This essay seeks in investigating the definition of language and communication. In doing so traditional language theories will be assessed, this will later be compared to modern progression by researchers in developing explanations of the psychology of language and communication. The development of language and language disorders will be evaluated in order to successfully investigate the modern approaches to language. Firstly, the evaluation of language, its origins, process and the use have been investigated in areas such as computational theory, cognitive neuroscience, evolutional and cultural psychology in contemporary studies of language. Language is usually seen as systems for example English, French and Italian even seen as systems of language it can be used to describe other things because of its broad definition, In describing music for instance or art. These areas can have its own language that needs to be learnt to understand and interpret music for example. Language in general can be used in any form of communication. Since language is broad it is important to study specific areas of language, instead of its general definition (Bloom, . P, 2007) . This is so that direct questions can be answered. As a result the narrow questioned being investigated can be generalised to other systems of language. It is known that some form of language is used everyday, linguistics is dedicated field of the scientific study of everyday language and even though the broad term is difficult to define, linguists believe that ‘language is a formal system of agreed rules that have to be followed by a speaker. In this system there is the addition of morphology also known as the formation of words, syntax the formation of phrases and phonology, sound systems (Fromkin 2000). Secondly, Charles Dawins works have been used as a platform in the belief that’ man has an instinctive tendency to speak, as we see in the babble of our young children; whilst no child has an instinctive tendency to brew, bake, or write’ Darwin (1871). This gives the idea that language comes natural, that humans have been biologically designed to speak. Neurological studies support the idea that language is part of the human nature through the investigations of dedicated parts of the brain for language. It is believed that this might explain why every human society has language. The idea has therefore raised questions as to whether language is innate or a cultural innovation. Language deficits and aphasia has been investigated in recent studies to prove what happens when these dedicated parts for language are damaged. The works of cognitive neuropsychologist is to use theoretical frameworks and methods to specific language impairments. During the initial stages of Cognitive neuropsychological (in the second half of the nineteenth century) neurologists such as Lichtheim, Wernicke and Bastian began to make assumption about the design of the brain and its fixed language processing systems (Coltheart, 2006) this brought about the box-and-arrow diagrams in an attempt to demonstrate the brain’s architecture. In taking this thought further, how these components in the brain were localised was also studied. Even though at the time the cognitive function of language was not proved, by the failed attempt of localising the brain, it was relevant in influencing the work of other psychologist, an example is the later simplified version conducted by Coltheart. The work of Lichtheim, Wernicke and Bastian, received a lot of criticism from neurologist that were not cognitively oriented such as Head (1926) this led to fall in cognitive neuropsychological and the rise of behaviourism. Shallice, (1988) have suggested that cognitive neuropsychological data are too â€Å"noisy† and there difficult in being used further than exploring the brains functional architecture. Others such as McCloskey Caramazza, (1991) have argued against this point. Stating that there shouldn’t be a restriction on what data produced cognitive theory at ‘any arbitrary level of detail’. Thirdly, It was not until the mid twentieth century that there was a Cognitive revolution† with the work of Broadbent (1956), Chomsky, (1959) Miller, Galanter, Pribram,(1960), also study from Marshall and Newcombe (1966, 1973) looking into cognitive neuropsychology of reading and from Shallice and Warrington (1970) memory. This also included the work into the development of researching sentence processing in aphasia, where linguistic and psycholinguistic theory were responsible for the analysis of aphasic symptoms (Caramazza Zurif, 1976 ; Marin, Saffran, Schwartz, 1976). A substantial amount of evidence afterwards has been produced in showing modularity in the brain. This shows that even though language is specifically located in the brain it is split into separate stages that may selectively be disrupted. (Berndt, Basili and Caramazza 1987) it is therefore established that specific lesions (in specific parts of the brain dedicated to language) will not affect the entire language process. This might see a patient losing the ability to understand spoken word but retain the ability to repeat words, suggesting that there are separate modules responsible for separate actions in the brain. (Schwartz,Saffran, Marin, 1980) Fodor (1983) was also in support of the modularity of the brain after incorporating some of the ideas that were developed in cognitive neuropsychological. Foder describes a module as a domain specific. This is where the brain stores information that is responsible for a specific mental representation. For instance speech perception uses a separate path then that used in different auditory analysis and controls only acoustic signals, perceived as utterances. D. Bishop (1997). Superior cognitive functions can not affect the processes of modules in the brain, known as ‘information encapsulation’. In this processing becomes fixed. The fact that modular processing can not be influenced by higher cognitive operations describes the term. It is difficult to take no notice of incoming speech—even if attention is not used for receiving speech, a response will take place one will immediately respond on hearing a relevant sound for instance a someone own name (Foder 1983). You read "Language and Communication in Psychology" in category "Language" Fodor with the support of evolutionary arguments states that the brain complex system can be broken down into layers, through case studies of selective impaired patients having a particular effect on the process of language. He believes that language therefore is innate and pre- programmed in humans. Human studies have relied wholly on researches regarding nature. The main reasons for carrying out functional neuroimaging are to improve peoples take on the variable anatomical functions of language. This then leads on to the argument that’s the much debated Broca’s area which is linked to speech production can be subdivided into three regions, a posterior and superior region that is involved with sounds of language, an interior and ventral region that is involved with meaning of words and a regions between the other two that is involved with meaning conveyed by sentences. Research carried out during the analysis on the anatomy and physiological aspects of the auditory processing in animals, show specific revelations regarding how the human brain perceives and process speech. Ignoring the concerns of critics, Researchers studying this phenomenon have resorted to using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) (which was introduced as a basic tool for monitoring language and brain activities) with the exception of people affected by induced nervous disorders such as stroke, to produce valuable evaluation, with regards to how language is organised in the human brain. Critics believe this is another example of wasted effort especially with the exclusion of patients with neurological disorders as study showed that this illness affects mainly the social and professional lives of those affected and sometimes it is not enough to impair their speech recognition abilities. PET has four advantages for the study of language: (i) it does not lose sensitivity and spatial localisation in important anterior and medial temporal lobe structures, a (current) problem with fMRI due to susceptibility artefacts and geometric shifts4,,5; (ii) its lower spatial resolution makes it orders of magnitude less susceptible to movement artefacts time-locked to stimulus and response, as occurs with overt articulation (most fMRI studies of word retrieval use covert responses); (iii) it does not create the din that is a feature of data acquisition in an MR scanner, requiring special techniques when important acoustic features in auditory stimuli may be masked6; and (iv) in the serial study of aphasic patients, it is the author’s anecdotal experience that patients are far more likely to agree to come back for a second PET scan than to go back into a MRI magnet, a much more intimidating environment. † Coltheart (2005). Technological development such as the scanning of the brain has been shown to be critical in the work of language processing. Since language is built into the brain PET scans is useful method in watching the brain at work with the use of basic words. The area of the brain that is activated during the process of language can be identified (recognition of words). Further studies on thought processing (especially with regards to language) shows that certain groups of people were not able to process language normally. â€Å"a group has to be anatomically normalized into the same stereotactic space. To allow for individual variations of gyral and sulcal anatomy, the image data have to be smoothed. This is because of the problem of lesion distribution. Ablation studies in non-human animals are placed with great care, and often post mortem examinations are performed after the behavioural experiments to confirm the boundaries of the lesion. The unsubtle lesions occurring as the consequence of cerebrovascular disease, necrotising viral infections, etc. may destroy cortex, local white matter connections, major white matter tracts connecting remote cortical regions, sub-cortical nuclei, and their reciprocal connections with cortical areas. No lesion experiment in a non-human animal, relating structure to function, would be accepted for publication if clipping of a major arterial branch produced the focal injury. † Coltheart (2005) It is clear that studies on the human brain have been dependant on nature experiments with the application of liberal scientific standard. This has therefore allowed certain syndromes to be associated to lesions. ‘This sometimes have been related to marked inter-subject distinction in the cortical organisation of function, which, would mean that studies of structure–function relationships in the human, other than early perceptual and motor processes, are meaningless. It would seem much more plausible that broadly similar clinical syndromes may result from very differently sited cortical, sub-cortical or tract lesions within distributed neural systems that are essentially similar between subjects with the same handedness and uneventful development. Coltheart (2005) The data from useful neuroimaging is a vital contribution to the perspective of language and its structure. It is therefore useful when used on normal subjects in pinpointing where modular language processors a re. The traditional Broca’s area in the left frontal gyrus can be divided further into three parts it has been argued: ‘one that is posterior and superior and is involved in the sound structure (phonology) of language; a second, anterior and ventral that is concerned with the meaning of words (semantics); and a third, lying in-between the first two regions, that is involved in meaning conveyed by sentence structure (syntax). Of particular clinical relevance is the ability to determine shifts of function after focal brain lesions and how these may be potentially modified or even induced by behavioural or drug therapy’. Caplan (2006) The recent cognitive studies have been useful in producing architecture and process of the brain but there are few studies that evaluate the technique of neuroimaging in a negative manner. Poeppel, (1996) states that neuroimaging so far has told us nothing about the mind so far. In support of this notion Orden and Paap (1997) agree that nothing has been learnt from neuroimaging and never will. It is believed that complexity of cognition can not produces evidence through this technique. Henson (2005) has provided a vital framework for considering the role of brainimaging data in cognitive psychology. He writes: â€Å"My main argument is that, provided one makes the assumption that there is some ‘systematic’mapping from psychological function to brain structure, then functional neuroimaging data simply comprise another dependent variable, along with behavioural data, that can be used to distinguish between competing psychological theories† (p. 194). This idea recognises that there is some systematic mapping from psychological function to the structure of the brain. To conclude, Cognitive neuropsychology can be easily seen as a branch of cognitive psychology which has been vital to study of language and how it is processed in the brain. It has been useful in creating theories through the study of subjects performance in which normal cognition are identified. There have been several studies in support of how the language is processed in the brain to further prove or disprove these theories. The studies of these damaged sections have been able to be looked at through the advancement of technology. These scans have been able to explain a range of questions about the processing of language in the brain for instance, the lateralized view of the human brain. This has also been observed in animals that also use sound for communication e. g. monkeys birds and dolphins. In this the control of sound production is usually in the left hemisphere also seen in humans. The two major areas of the human brain that are responsible for language are the Broca’s area ,this is partially responsible for putting sentences together and using correct syntax secondly the Wernicke’s area, which is partially responsible for language processing (untangling others’ sentences and analyzing them for syntax, inflection, etc. ). Broca aphasia is used to describe if the Broca areas is damaged. side effects show slow, hesitant speech that lack grammer. Typical Broca’s aphasics can not words not essential to the significance of the sentence, such as the and and. When the Wernicke area is damaged then it is known as Wernicke’s aphasia. It can be seen as opposite to Broca’s aphasia. Wernicke’s aphasics are able to make general sentences but they are often senseless and include made-up words. Wernicke’s aphasics show signs of understanding others’ speech, but have difficulty naming objects Other types of aphasia noted in brain-damaged patients can show even worse effects. If Wernicke’s and Broca’s area are disconnected, patients struggle to repeat sentence said out to them. This shows that there is the possibility Wernicke’s area, which has processed the sentence heard, is unable to communicate it to Broca’s area for repetition. In another type, Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas remain connected but cannot communicate with the rest of the brain. Patients can only repeat sentences but fail to speak on impulse speech (Pinker 1994). 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Introduction to Management Accounting Manufacturing Entity

Question: Describe about the Introduction to Management Accounting for Manufacturing Entity. Answer: Product Costing System In a manufacturing entity, such as Seafarer Kayaks, the Product Costing System (PCS) can help the management to efficiently store or retrieve information related to costing of the materials and the product. It can also help the management in managing its costs by linking the information inputs with the entitys business plan, say Baker Riddick, (2013). The company can evaluate the following processes through the use of PCS line: Manufacturing Budgets This process controls information related to costs of direct labour, indirect labour and overheads related to them. Product Design This process relates to the products design and manufacturing engineering. Accounting This process controls the Gross Margin generated by individual product line or the product. Once the PCS has been established for controlling the costs, the Manufacturing Accounting System of Seafarer Kayaks can keep track of the costs, generate reports on any variances occurring and post the manufacturing transactions in the general ledger, as per Baker Riddick, (2013). Before proceeding further, it is essential to calculate the standard cost values, including: Cost Reporting This is for assessing the cost to produce the item. Variance Reporting Calculate difference between the actual and standard costs. It is also essential for Seafarer Kayaks to maintain an accurate and complete record of the value of inventory in businesses today. It may become unproductive for the company if excessive inventories are maintained. Following the AASB102 is beneficial for Seafarer Kayaks for controlling the above factors, as per Baker Riddick, (2013). Application of AASB102 AASB102 will help the management of Seafarer Kayaks in maintaining a suitable accounting treatment for its inventory maintenance. The basic issue while maintaining inventory accounts is concerned with the amount of cost which can be recognised as an asset and can be carried forward till the management is able to recover the revenue invested, assert Greuning, Scott Terblanche, (2011). The purpose of this Standard is to provide guidance to the managers in recognising this cost and in distinguishing between the amount as an expense and the amount which has to be written-down as the net realisable value. This Standard applies to all types of inventories, except the: work in progress, especially those covered under construction contracts; financial instruments; biological assets produced through agricultural activities; hence Seafarer Kayaks can make use of this Standard for efficient management of its inventory position. Section (b) Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured Seafarer Kayaks while using the manufacturing cost system will debit all the manufacturing costs, including cost of the direct materials, direct labour and the applied manufacturing overheads to the work-in-process account, assert Greuning, Scott Terblanche, (2011). Once the job routine for a specific period is complete, the amounts shown in the job cost sheet will be transferred to the finished goods account from the work-in-process account. To complete the record, a journal entry, as shown below, will be entered: Finished Goods A/c $xxxx Work-in-Process A/c $xxxx This total cost of the materials which is transferred from work-in-process account to finished goods account, during this specific period, will be termed as cost of goods manufactured. At the end of the specified period, the remaining raw material under process of manufacturing will be termed as work-in-process inventory and will reflect under Current Assets in the Balance Sheet. When the next manufacturing period commences, this amount represents as the opening balance under work-in-process account, as per Mudra, (2014). CASE STUDY: See Table-1 in Annexure-1 for the calculations. Schedule of Cost of Goods Sold The sales revenue generated by Seafarer Kayaks less the direct cost of manufacturing the kayaks is termed as the cost of goods sold. Sales Revenue less the cost of goods sold is the gross profit of the company. As per the accepted accounting principles, cost of direct materials, cost of direct labour and the manufacturing overheads are considered for determining the cost of manufactured goods, asserts Mudra, (2014). Cost of goods sold is calculated in this case study has been derived through the use of the following method: (Opening Inventory) + (Cost of Goods Manufactured) (Closing Inventory). CASE STUDY: See Table-2 in Annexure-1 for the calculations. Section (c) Manufacturing overhead are the costs involved in the company's manufacturing operations. It includes all those costs which are incurred during the manufacturing process, including the costs of direct materials, direct labour and other direct expenses. Direct expenses, according to Taylor, (2013), include depreciation on the factory building, tools and equipment and machinery, wages of factory manager, production workers, factory repair and maintenance expenses, insurance and land tax, cost of electricity and gas used in the manufacturing process and the indirect supplies used in the manufacturing process, such as packing material, as per Keown et al, (2012). Certain costs, such as the factory land tax, which is calculated on the basis of the assessed value of the land and has no connection with the units produced, although not directly linked directly to the manufacturing costs, is still considered as direct expenses, says Kurth, (2011). T-Accounts Overhead applied during the year CASE STUDY: See Table-3 in Annexure-1 for the calculations. Actual Indirect Costs and Overhead Costs for the year CASE STUDY: See Table-4 6 in Annexure-1 for the calculations. Over- or Under-applied Overheads CASE STUDY: See Table-5 in Annexure-1 for the calculations. Journal Entry for Differences shown in (iii) CASE STUDY: See Table in Annexure-1 for the calculations. Section (d) Discussing Overheads Manufacturing Overhead Manufacturing or factory overhead of Seafarer Kayaks pertains to those manufacturing expenses which are apart from the cost of the direct materials and direct labour used in the manufacturing process, explains Kurth, (2011). Preliminary / Estimated Overhead Since the expenses have to be booked under different specified accounting heads as soon as they are incurred, management of Seafarer Kayaks cannot wait till the end of the specific manufacturing period to decide what will be the exact manufacturing overhead costs. Hence, as per the prevalent norms in all manufacturing entities, the management has to work on the basis of estimates which are based on past working capabilities and on future expectations, assert Marchildon McDowall, (2013). These are termed as Preliminary or Estimated Overheads. Applied Overhead Now, as the production process goes on, the accounts department in Seafarer Kayak will begin posting the actual manufacturing overhead expenses in the books of accounts on the basis of the actual number of machine hours put-in by the workers and multiplying the number by the hourly rate fixed, as cited by Marchildon McDowall, (2013). This amount will be considered as the company's "applied overhead and will be used for determining the cost of goods sold. Difference between Over-applied Under-applied Overheads When the preliminary or estimated estimates of the overhead expenses differs from the actual expenses incurred by Seafarer Kayaks, the resultant difference is termed as over-applied overhead in case the estimates exceed actual overhead expenses or under-applied overhead in case the estimates fall short of the actual overhead expenses, as detailed by Greuning, Scott Terblanche, (2011). Implications of Over-applied and Under-applied Overheads In the account books of Seafarer Kayaks, the actual overhead expenses incurred are debited and the applied overhead expenses are credited at the time of estimation. In case the Manufacturing Overhead A/c of Seafarer Kayaks shows a credit balance at the end of the specific manufacturing period, it shows that the overhead expenses have been over-applied. In case the Manufacturing Overhead A/c of Seafarer Kayaks shows a debit balance at the end of the specific manufacturing period, it shows that the overhead expenses have been under-applied. On the basis of this conclusion, the management of Seafarer Kayaks will, at the end of the income year, will know how the estimated manufacturing overhead expenses have performed in comparison to the actual manufacturing overhead expenses. This proves beneficial for the management while setting estimates for the future, as detailed by Greuning, Scott Terblanche, (2011). Section (e) Standard Costing System For a company such as Seafarer Kayaks, the process of applying Product Costing has a significant role in its manufacturing performance. Hence, it is imperative for you to make a decision about the process you want to use for your Manufacturing Accounting System. The decision can be between Standard Costing and Actual Costing Methodology. I would advise that you choose the Standard Costing Systems for your manufacturing accounting process. I would also suggest that you set a Standard Cost Component Value System for the Kayaks that you produce. Detailing the Standard Costing System Please note that the Standard Costing System uses the practice estimating the costs and eventually substituting these by the actual costs in the accounting books after a specific period, which should usually be on Quarterly basis, as explained by Yona, (2011). After every quarter the periodical variances should be evaluated so as to calculate difference between the estimated and actual costs. In this system, you will be required to commence the manufacturing process with predetermined standard costs of raw material, direct labour and manufacturing overheads, asserts Yona, (2011). You will use these predetermined standard costs for evaluating your Cost of Goods Sold as well as inventories. At the end of the quarter, in case the actual standard costs are varying slightly from the predetermined standard costs, you can assign the resultant variance to the cost of goods sold amount. In case the variance amount is high, it should distributed on a prorate basis between the inventory value a nd the cost of goods sold, says Taylor, (2013). Thus, you can understand from the above, that Standard Costing System involves: Ascertaining and using Standard Costs. Recording of the actual costs. Comparing the actual costs with standard costs to find the variance. Analysing the variance. Appropriately adjusting the variance as per requirement. Advantages of Standard Costing You will find that Standard Costing System has the following advantages: It serves as a guide for the managers in the process of formulating production policies and deciding the sale prices. Managers can exercise better cost control in case the process is reviewed at regular intervals and analysed for improving the costing of the products leading to reduced investment. Managers can investigate and take corrective action on the basis of the variance as its regular measurement helps in detecting inefficiencies and mistakes. The predetermined standard costs are useful in planning and budgeting exercises undertaken by the managers. It improves the production efficiency and ultimately leads to reduction in costs, thereby increasing your profits. A timely implementation of the Standard Costing System leads to cost saving as frequency of the costing system can be reduced. Effective setting up of costing standards for individual cost centres for the supervisors and the executives allows each cost centre to know the limits which they need to maintain for their Standards. The system will assist the managers in preparing their Profit and Loss Accounts quickly for those short periods for which they would like to know the trend of their department and the help it can provide to the management in taking decisions for the future course of action. Standard costing can also be used by you for valuation of inventory. Once the inventory has been valued at its standard cost, chances of fluctuation of profit can be reduced even if different methods of valuations are adopted. Labour efficiency can be enhanced as this system makes executives as well as the management cost-conscious thereby increasing production efficiency as well, as detailed by Mudra, (2014). Disadvantages of Standard Costing Like every system, this too has its disadvantages: The system is costly as it involves a high degree of technically skilled staff. Organisations with limited financial resources cannot sustain it. The variances can only be put to advantage if the executives take action of actually controlling them. This requires fixing up responsibilities. Standards need periodic revisions as they tend to change with the change in the financial conditions and market environments. Such revision of standards can create problems, particularly if inventory adjustments are not controlled. Standards can either be too rigid or too liberal as these are based on the past results of the averages. Hence, in case the standards have been set very high, this can adversely affect the morale of the management and the motivation factor of the employees, as explained by Mudra, (2014). References Baker, H.K. and Riddick, L.A. 2013. International Finance: A Survey. OUP USA, Oxford. Greuning, H., Scott, D. and Terblanche, S. 2011. International Financial Reporting Standards: A Practical Guide. World Bank Publications, Washington DC. Keown, A.J., Martin, J.D., Petty, J.W. and Scott, D.F. 2012. Financial Management: Principles and Applications (10th ed). Pearson Education India, New Delhi. Kurth, S. 2011. Discuss covered interest rate parity (CIRP) with reference to foreign exchange market efficiency. GRIN Verlag, Norderstedt. Marchildon, G.P. and McDowall, D. 2013. Canadian Multinationals and International Finance. Routledge, New York. Mudra, J. 2014. International Financial Management (12th ed). Cengage Learning, Stamford, CT. Taylor, M.P. 2013 Purchasing Power Parity and Real Exchange Rates. Routledge, Oxon. Yona, L. 2011. International Finance for Developing Countries. Author House, Keynes.

A Brief Biography of Ulysses S. Grant.

A Brief Biography of Ulysses S. Grant. Born on April 27, 1822, in the humble village of Point Pleasant, Ohio, was a child destined to be the president of the United States; the little son of Jesse and Hannah Simpson Grant would change history forever. Christened Hiram Ulysses Grant, the infant soon grew to be a youngster who embraced his bucolic lifestyle. The young boy enjoyed doing farm work, especially taking care of horses on the Georgetown family farm. This eventually evolved into a passion for horsemanship that was equaled by few.Ulysses received his early education from local schools in Georgetown. At the age of fourteen, his father decided to send him to Maysville, Kentucky to study at a formal academy. One year later in 1838, Grant was transferred to a Ripley, Ohio academy, which was a bit closer to home. Not much longer afterward, Ulysses' father learned of an opening at the U.S. Military Academy.In the left of this picture U.S. Grant can be seen...Jesse Grant was determined to get his son the best education pos sible, so he asked his congressman to appoint Grant to fill the opening. In doing so, the congressman made a mistake in Grant's name. He thought that "Simpson", Grant's mother's maiden name, was his middle name, and that "Ulysses" was the boy's actual first name. Unbeknownst to the congressman, he had created the name that the adolescent would decide to keep for the rest of his life.Grant was accepted into the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. There, he was a decent pupil, but in no means was he superb. Ulysses often read novels to pass his time instead of studying for his classes. The only areas in which he excelled were mathematics and horsemanship. Grant did not receive a good impression of army life, and had no intent to pursue a career in the army.

Easiest Colleges to Get Into

Easiest Colleges to Get Into SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Applying to colleges is stressful, and you often don't know whether you've gotten in until well after you've submitted your application.It's therefore useful to have safety schools as a backup. These are colleges that you're almost certain you'll get into if you apply. We've compiled a thorough guide of the easiest colleges to get into in the United States. Find out which schools have the highest admissions rates, which schools give you guaranteed admissions if you meet absolute requirements, and which schools have the lowest average SAT/ACT scores. What an "easy college to get into" usually depends on your specific circumstances and application. If you scored a perfect 2400 on the SAT or 36 on the ACT, most colleges will be easy to get into. For below average students, schools that have high admission rates and low requirements will be easy colleges to get into. Whatever your personal situation, having "safety schools" is critical to your college application strategy. You don't want to end up with zero admissions offers in your senior spring, so it's important to have a few schools that you're almost certain will accept you if you apply. Thus, we've compiled three collections of schools that are easy to get into in their own way. First, we'll discuss schools in the US with the highest admission rates, which means nearly all the people who apply to them get admitted. Next, we'll find schools withguaranteed admissions - if you meet their requirements, they will guarantee you a spot, no matter what. Finally, we'll discuss schools with thelowest average SAT/ACT scores - if you're performing a bit below average, these schools are a good bet for you. Colleges with the Highest Admissions Rates (Top 100) The hardest schools to get into have admissions rates below 10% - Harvard, for example, has an admissions rate of 5.9%. Out of 1000 students who apply, only 59 get in. In contrast, the easist colleges to get into have nearly 100% admissions rates - if you apply, you can almost certainly get in. Unlike community colleges (which also have 100% admissions rates), the below schools are usually affiliated with state university systems. Here's a list of the 100 colleges with the highest admissions rates: School City State Admissions Rate Bismarck State College Bismarck ND 100% City University of Seattle Seattle WA 100% CUNY - College of Staten Island Staten Island NY 100% CUNY - Medgar Evers College Brooklyn NY 100% Daytona State College Daytona Beach FL 100% Dixie State College of Utah Saint George UT 100% Granite State College Concord NH 100% Indian River State College Fort Pierce FL 100% Jarvis Christian College Hawkins TX 100% Metropolitan State University St. Paul MN 100% Missouri Western State University St. Joseph MO 100% New Mexico Highlands University Las Vegas NM 100% Oklahoma State University - Oklahoma City Oklahoma City OK 100% University of Maryland - University College Adelphi MD 100% University of Pikeville Pikeville KY 100% University of the Potomac Washington DC 100% Utah Valley University Orem UT 100% Wayne State College Wayne NE 100% Weber State University Ogden UT 100% Western International University Tempe AZ 100% Cameron University Lawton OK 99.80% Lewis-Clark State College Lewiston ID 99.80% University of Texas - El Paso El Paso TX 99.80% Brigham Young University - Idaho Rexburg ID 99.60% Wilmington University New Castle DE 99.50% Lyndon State College Lyndonville VT 99.30% Montana State University - Billings Billings MT 99.30% Kendall College Chicago IL 99.20% Virginia Intermont College Bristol VA 99% Ottawa University Ottawa KS 98.90% Wayland Baptist University Plainview TX 98.60% Utah State University Logan UT 98.50% Pfeiffer University Misenheimer NC 98.30% Washburn University Topeka KS 98.20% East Central University Ada OK 98.10% Midland University Fremont NE 98% Walden University Minneapolis MN 98.00% Colorado Christian University Lakewood CO 97.60% Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College St. Mary-of-the-Woods IN 97.50% Huntington University Huntington IN 97.30% Missouri Southern State University Joplin MO 97.30% Evergreen State College Olympia WA 97.10% Ohio Christian University Circleville OH 97.10% Benedictine College Atchison KS 97% University of Sioux Falls Sioux Falls SD 97% University of St. Francis Fort Wayne IN 96.80% Indiana Wesleyan University Marion IN 96.70% Nyack College Nyack NY 96.70% University of Akron Akron OH 96.50% Wright State University Dayton OH 96.30% Martin Luther College New Ulm MN 96.20% Kansas State University Manhattan KS 95.90% Wichita State University Wichita KS 95.80% University of Montana Missoula MT 95.70% Hodges University Naples FL 95.60% University of Wyoming Laramie WY 95.50% Victory University Memphis TN 95.50% Colorado State University - Pueblo Pueblo CO 95.40% University of Maine - Augusta Augusta ME 95.40% Carlow University Pittsburgh PA 95.20% University of Houston - Downtown Houston TX 95.10% Bethel University St. Paul MN 94.90% Lubbock Christian University Lubbock TX 94.90% Bellarmine University Louisville KY 94.80% Berkeley College Woodland Park NJ 94.70% Concordia University Texas Austin TX 94.60% Wiley College Marshall TX 94.40% Shepherd University Shepherdstown WV 94.30% Berkeley College New York NY 94.20% Neumann University Aston PA 94% Trinity International University Deerfield IL 93.90% Marygrove College Detroit MI 93.80% Walla Walla University College Place WA 93.80% Southern Wesleyan University Central SC 93.70% Clarion University of Pennsylvania Clarion PA 93.50% Judson University Elgin IL 93.40% St. John's College Santa Fe NM 93.40% Northern State University Aberdeen SD 93.30% Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN 93.20% University of the Incarnate Word San Antonio TX 93.10% Virginia Wesleyan College Norfolk VA 92.90% Franklin Pierce University Rindge NH 92.70% Mary Baldwin College Staunton VA 92.50% Southern Oregon University Ashland OR 92.50% Grand View University Des Moines IA 92.30% Mansfield University of Pennsylvania Mansfield PA 92.30% Regis University Denver CO 92.30% Western Kentucky University Bowling Green KY 92.30% Western State Colorado University Gunnison CO 92.30% Bard College at Simon's Rock Great Barrington MA 92.20% Linfield College McMinnville OR 92.20% Iona College New Rochelle NY 92.10% University of Central Arkansas Conway AR 92.10% Freed-Hardeman University Henderson TN 92% South Carolina State University Orangeburg SC 92% South Dakota State University Brookings SD 91.90% Davenport University Grand Rapids MI 91.70% Lee University Cleveland TN 91.70% Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL 91.40% Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 91.40% These are definitely some of the easiest schools to get into. Applying to any of these schools will give you a great shot at getting in. For schools that have less than a 100% admissions rate, you should still create a target SAT score or target ACT score so you can figure out what minimum SAT/ACT score you need to get in. Colleges with Guaranteed Admissions Some colleges have policies that grant youautomatically grant you admission once you fulfill their academic criteria. The school will usually require a minimum GPA and/or a minimum SAT/ACT score. If you exceed these guidelines, you're in! What's the difference from the 100% colleges above?These schools are actually typically more selective for the overall population. For example, University of Texas at Austin has a 40.2% acceptance rate, but if you're a Texas resident and are in the top 10% of your class, you'll automatically be admitted. These schools are therefore more competitive (and usually have a better reputation) than the schools in the list above, so if you qualify, these are good bets for safety schools. Each school has different criteria, but we've done the hard work of gathering all the schools in one list for you - just click on the school to see their exact admissions policies. California State University Central Washington University Mississippi State University North Dakota State University Oklahoma State University South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Southern Illinois University Truman State University University of Arkansas University of Denver University of Iowa University of Kansas University of Las Vegas University of Mississippi University of Southern Mississippi University of St Francis University of Texas If you pick one, this might be the easiest college to get into for you. Colleges with the Lowest SAT/ACT Scores Aside from the schools listed already, some schools have very low SAT/ACT score averages. If you score above the average, you're very likely to be admitted. These represent some of the colleges that are easy to get into. Some of these schools have already appeared above, but here we show their 25th percentile and 75th percentile SAT scores (their ACT scores will be similar when you convert the SAT to the ACT). School 25th %ile 75th %ile Northern State University 790 20 Union College 880 40 Rust College 970 60 North Park University 935 68 University of Louisiana at Lafayette 940 90 University of South Dakota 890 1200 Livingstone College 950 1210 University of Louisiana Monroe 940 1220 Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science 1066 1233 Saint Pauls College 800 1260 University of Michigan Dearborn 968 1260 Paine College 1010 1280 Chowan University 1040 1290 Marietta College 940 1290 Lincoln Christian University 40 1291 Pine Manor College 990 1300 Edward Waters College 1050 1310 Kentucky State University 1016 1318 University of Missouri Kansas City 1000 1330 Virginia State University 1090 1335 School of the Art Institute of Chicago 900 1340 Fayetteville State University 40 1350 University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff 1018 1353 Elizabeth City State University 50 1360 Missouri Valley College 90 1360 Texas Southern University 00 1360 Grand View University 40 1370 Savannah State University 40 1370 North Carolina Central University 60 1380 What to Do Next Even if you're applying to the nation's easiest colleges to get into, you'll still need to take the SAT or ACT. Figure out what your SAT Target Score or ACT Target Score ought to be, for the schools you're applying to. Find out what the best SAT and ACT test dates are and how to organize your testing schedule. Aiming high? Find out what it takes to get a perfect SAT score. Even if you feel your chances at college are low right now, we still heavily encourage you to try to improve your SAT or ACT score.Increasing your SAT score by 120 points or your ACT score by 3 points will completely change the quality of school that you can get into. This can have a huge impact on your salary after graduation. At PrepScholar, we've built the leading online SAT/ACT prep program. It's special because it customizes your prep program to you - you'll improve the most by spending the least time studying. Best of all, we offer a score improvement guarantee - if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points, we give all your money back. Sign up for our 5-day free trial today: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Allen Cheng About the Author As co-founder and head of product design at PrepScholar, Allen has guided thousands of students to success in SAT/ACT prep and college admissions. He's committed to providing the highest quality resources to help you succeed. Allen graduated from Harvard University summa cum laude and earned two perfect scores on the SAT (1600 in 2004, and 2400 in 2014) and a perfect score on the ACT. You can also find Allen on his personal website, Shortform, or the Shortform blog. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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MA205- Elementary Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

MA205- Elementary Statistics - Essay Example e as the central theoremn states that if there is a large number of independent and identiacally distributed random variable, then the distribution of their sum tend to be normally distributed as the number of these variables increase indefinitely therefore the distribution does not have to normally distributed. (c) A sample of 100 taken , probability will be between 198 and 220 Z = mean - X/ standard deviation 198=> 198 - 211/ 9 = -1.444 Z = 0.07493 220 => 220 - 211/ 9 = 1 Z= 0.15865 Area between the two Z points Prob. = 1- (0.07493+0.15865) Prob. = 0.76642 Unit test three 1. 99 %Mean = 2 Standard deviation = 10 SD= SD/ (N)1/2 2. 160 infants Mean = 5.98 SD= 3.5 95% confidence level = (5.98 -( 3.5 X 1.6) X (5.98 +( 3.5 X 1.6) = 95% = 0.38 X 11.58 = 95% 3. (a) Paralyzed (48.0 - (8.1 X 1.04) X (48.0 + (8.1 X 1.04) = 98% (39.576) X (56.424) = 98% None polarized (56.7 - (8.1 X 1.04 ) X (56.7 + (8.1 X1.04 ) = 98% (48.276) X (65.124) = 98% (b) Conclusion The two confidence intervals are different; therefore there is a difference in the two means. 4. (a) Type I: when we reject the null hypothesis when it should be accepted. (b) Type II: when we do not reject the null hypothesis when it should be rejected. (c) Z= 2.33 P value is 0.4901 5. (a) null hypothesis H0 : U Ha : U = 15 (b) t= 0.6107 P value = 0.7269 T critical is greater therefore we accept the null hypothesis 6. (a) H0: U Ha: U =22000 (b) (c) t calculated = 21819/ 1295 = 16.84 T critical = 1.29 T critical is less than T calculated therefore we reject the null hypothesis (d) Because we have rejected the null hypothesis it is still true to state that the tires last 22000 miles... T critical is greater than T calculated so we accept the null hypothesis that the change as a result of training is equal to zero, therefore the training makes some positive change towards those who are mentally retarded.

Physician Ratings -New York State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Physician Ratings -New York State - Essay Example The second component arrangement is the doctor of medicine. Landing to this data will help a patient look for a doctor who is specially trained to diagnose, prescribe, treat, or operate any human condition or physical condition. Osteopathic physicians will have unlimited medicine practice here in New York and thus will need to have passed the national licensing examination sequence. Under a doctor’s profile, it will also be shown a Dr.’s survey received or not received. A Dr.’s survey not received may mean that the specific doctor has not submitted his profile yet and thus not much understood by the system (New York State Department of Health, 2012). There is also a special icon showing a doctor’s licensure. This icon is used to identify the doctors that have met the State’s standards of practicing medicine and have gone through and passed the licensing examination. The doctor will in that case receive a licensure implying that he/she is licensed by the medicine regulatory body. There is also a data column under a physician’s profile showing â€Å"none-reported† that comes throughout the physician profile. The existence of â€Å"none-reported† may mean that the physician didn’t self-write the information and that all information is applicable. The more the certifications, licensure, and compliance with the health board’s policies, the higher a physician’s rank will

The Impact Of Globalization For Children And Families Economics Essay

The Impact Of Globalization For Children And Families Economics Essay Globalisation perks in the 1990s, in the research studies of Draxler (2006) reported that government of many countries, both developing and developed countries embraced changes towards one global market place (Michael et al., 2003). Though it opens up new revenue for trade, technology, information and knowledge transfer worldwide, globalization helps to aid this world to a more disintegrated sphere (Kolarova, 2006). Rieger et al. (2003) questioned the consequences of cultural and social malfunction due to the influence of globalization. Spybey (1996) also mentioned in his findings that globalisation creates more conflicts in this rapid information networking, trading and technology freedom of this new shift of large-scale manufacturing and producing business establishments worldwide (Goldberg et al., 2007). Researches and report findings by World Bank (2000-2002) found that as different countries step up to change their productive organization of work, it also changes countries social and human capital structures (Willams et al., 2005). The Organisation of Cooperation and Development (OECD) and International Labour Organisation (ILO) reported its finding of globalization leads to a sharp demand of highly educated and skilled labour in developed countries, ironically an upsurge of lowly skilled workers with poor wages, prejudicial social injustice and health care in poor developing countries (Lall, 2002). Marshall (1962) stated the shift of the social relation changes patterns and lifestyle of time and space of mankind. Hence, with the implication of globalization will it cause more poverty or affluence universally (Hartman,2002)? Carnoy (1999) stated when nations open to trade and create more capital affluence and manufacturing goods for exports, there are manufacturing turnover and transferal of employment (Brady et al., 2005). Globalisation rises skills in developed countries however it reduces employment skills and talents in developing countries. For example, in Vietnam if an individual could not sustain himself/herself and his/her family in a small plot of land in hometown. He/she has to sell his/her labour to support his/her family in urbanized cities (Choi et al.,2001). Yet due to globalization he/she may be employed by a global company with highly technologized machinery which made him/her a low skilled worker (Freeman, 2001). Kalarova (2006) claims that in some of developing countries, benefits and welfare for workforce are frequently mistreated by privatized global companies even if countries have employment policies for employees. The lack of social coherence, coordination, sustainability and long term protection policies due to the lack of funding for proper healthcare, eventually leads to a depressed moral opportunity and welfare, depletion of social protection and surge inequality of these low skilled worker in these manual work industries (Milanovic,2002). Likewise, Spybey (1996) argues that in order to finance these worldwide investments in the global finance capital sector, globalisation affects a nations social inequality when it comes to the funding distribution and assets for its education, healthcare and childcare policies and reforms for families and children, resulting to an exploitation of adults and children labour (Michael et al., 2003). Stokey (1991) agrees that in conservative and conventional countries like Thailand and Indonesia, though women rights aid and free women from poverty, exploitation and oppression, Horgar (2001) pointed the contradictory of global capitalism repeatedly decoy women and children to cheap labour with long working hours and poor welfare despite of their desires to be independence from their husband or father at home and that conflicts against its social-cultural aspect of the nations (Edmonds et al.,2001). Moreover, Horgar (2001) argues that as more women enter the global workforce, more children are often left at home alone with relatives or siblings, contributing to its nation increment of non-schooling and poor school attendance children, malnutrition and ill health of children due to the lack of quality care and child-rearing issues (Hatch Grieshaber, 2002).. On the other hand, in the developed countries, globalisation may cause relocation, migration of workers as technology and machinery replaced manual-skilled workers (Willams et al., 2005). Thus, many of these workers are forced to look for more job opportunities in other countries, likewise nations also prefer to send low skilled workers to be trained in well developed country, hoping to increase the countrys technological knowledge and skills, and bringing about the increment of wages and remittance of money to support their families at homeland (Hartman, 2002). Furthermore, as global capitalism took place, it often comes along with poverty and conflicts between its social-cultural backgrounds (Edmonds Pavcnik, 2001). Edmonds et al. (2006) also state that globalization makes and pressures a nation not to be left out but it is important for its nations ability to be part of the global mandate. In 1990s, it is surveyed about 80 million labour forces and work migration from Middle Eastern and African countries to America (Goldberg, 2007). Due to the influx of immigration in America, the survey conducted by Hartman (2002) shows a significant increase of multi-cultural and multi-ethnical aspects in America. Correspondingly, change of family structures in Middle Eastern and African countries affect native families as they no longer could rely on their male breadwinner (Hartman, 2002). The shift of native and immigrants marital status where an individual choose to be lone mother/fatherhood, single or divorced, eventually, leads to decrease of birth rate due to different fertility patterns, notably by postponing birth/ no desire of having children (Horgan, 2001). These factors further afflict and add on to a nations social-economic issue, especially when there is a high reallocation of old aged people in a society due to low birth rate (Freeman, 2001). In addition to it, pressure for globalization also hustle the changes of the worlds social and cultural aspects in peoples lives (Penn, 2005). Statistics an d studies conducted by Waller (2009) show huge distinction and diversity differences as regards to the average of children, life expectancy, school expectancy, illiteracy rate, child labour and in industralised countries, give to the rise of the lack of overall human and childrens rights implementation (Gregory, 1999) . A survey conducted by Cigno et al. (2002) reports that parental decisions often affects children education rights and the national education policies structures, since parents consider the cost of children education, expected returns when they invest in their childrens education and the state educational investment for their children (Roseberg Puntch, 2003). A childs future is frequently contrary to the childs future earning return to the family (Cigno et al., 2002). Thus, in developing countries children are used as domestic helper at home and expose to hard labour, children soldiers and even as prostitutions(Carnoy, 1999). Hence, to counteract these hindrance, a clear and direct government protection policies and subsidies for children education and regular school authority inspections to homes could help to support families on childrens education, which eventually encourage the rise of high educated future population and increase highly skilled trained workers in its human capital investment(Cigno et al., 2002). In the research studies of Timimi (2005) it shows a hugh mortality and morbidity of females and children in poor developing countries due to severe ill health and poor healthcare, where poor national economic has prolonged their poverty (Ravens et al.,2009). A qualitative study conducted by McMichael (2000) native government in developing countries lacks the resources and commitment to aid the problems especially in healthcare such as malnutrition and infectious diseases that come along with poverty. Likewise, urbanized cities in developed countries do struggle with poverty but it is the poverty of health. As the cities open to industrialization and globalization, its residents often at risk with illness and sickness link with pollutions- water, air, chemical and toxic pollutions (Ravens et al., 2009). However, if national policies and international organizations decide on how to implement reliable healthcare policies and improve financial incentives to address states healthcare spending through the development of new medical technology internationally (Draxler, 2006). The integrity of nations policies and commitment to childrens and families welfare are often compromised, as these is no clear solution to the question to protect children and families (Draxler, 2006). Hence, Siraj and Woodhead (2009) sought that if the affluence of globalization recognizes the rights of children and families, countries policy makers have to gear themselves and strengthen their policies through clear, direct implementation and frequent reviews of its nation policies for protection and assurance of quality education, healthcare and welfare for children and families. Government has to step up and act in behalf of these children and ramify the issues of poverty, education, healthcare and stable families (Timimi, 2005).

Assessment Methods Essay

Diagnostic assessment is a pre assessment that determines a difficulty for the student in a precise area. This type of assessment provides teachers with information of the student’s previous awareness of the topic, their interest and attitude before instructing a lesson (McMillan 2011, p 6). Diagnostic assessment information can be collected from Summative assessments of the previous lesson. It is important to note the expectation of what the students should know, understand and be able to do at the end of the lesson as this is an integral part of an effective lesson (McMillan 2011, p 8). Formative assessment occurs during instructions, giving feedback to students on their work to assess their level and determine the next level of work activities (McMillan 2011, p 6). This type of assessment takes place during learning and helps to improve the lesson as the learning is monitored and the progress of the student is noted (McMillan 2011, p 8). The student has the opportunity to improve learning during the lesson through the feedback and send them in the right direction of learning. Learning problems are able to be distinguished during the lesson and actioned accordingly, and instructional adjustments can be made (McMillan 2011, p 8). Summative assessment takes place at the completion of the lesson to determine the student’s level of understanding, their knowledge and can physically do (McMillan 2011, p 6). This is the aim of the lesson to decide if the teaching has been positive and that the students have achieved at the anticipated level of learning. Students are graded, teachers and lessons are evaluated to assess the effectiveness of the plan (McMillan 2011, p 8). The three assessment types that form the assessment cycle are an integral part of a primary classroom learning structure. Students with learning disabilities need to be assessed in the early stages of their learning to determine the techniques of tailored learning to be applied. Using Diagnostic assessment â€Å"effective teachers were found to have tailored instruction to students’ unique needs and interests, finding just the right materials to reach their students† Robinson, G. (2008). Teaching numeracy skills a Formative assessment is then used to improve learning throughout the lesson. A summative assessment is then required to determine the student’s numeracy capabilities. Assessment is an important part of the education curriculum, to enable an effective learning environment for the students. It also allows the teacher to ensure the lesson is tailored to the students learning disabilities and there needs to achieve the learning result desired. References McMillan, J. H. (2011).

Promote equality and Inclusion in health and social Essay

Diversity, Equality and Inclusion. Diversity Diversity is the difference between individuals and groups. This can be the differences in culture, nationality, ethnic origin, religion, beliefs, sexual orientation, gender, age, social class or abilities. Equality Equality is the promotion of individual’s rights; it is giving the individual choice and opportunity. It is giving the individual respect and treating them fair. As a health and social care worker you should provide care and support to meet the own individuals needs and preferences. see more:inclusion in health and social care Inclusion In health and Social care Inclusion is when the individuals are at the centre of planning and support. An example of this is providing person centred care plans and ensure that the individual was part of putting this together. Discrimination and Inclusive Practice There are many different forms of discrimination, ‘direct discrimination’, ‘indirect discrimination’, and ‘institutional discrimination’. Discrimination can lead to individuals being treated less favourably than others, losing chances for opportunity, become labelled and be stereotyped and can cause a loss of self-esteem. Inclusive practice promotes equality and supports diversity. In health and social care settings there are policies and procedures that promote inclusive practice and challenge discrimination, they promote rights, empower individuals and remove any barriers restricting them. Individual’s differences should be valued and celebrated. Working in an Inclusive way. In health and Social care there are legislations, codes of practice and policies in the workplace setting relating to equality, diversity and  discrimination. These include the human rights act 1998, the disability discrimination act 2005, Special educational needs and disability act 2001, Race relations (Amendment) act 2000, The equality act 2010, and the European convention on human rights. The way you interact with an individual can show whether you respect that individuals beliefs, culture, values and preferences. In your workplace setting, whether you are interacting with colleagues or service users it is important that you use active listening and is helpful if you have a knowledge of individuals, for example beliefs, cultures, values and preferences. Be able to maintain and individual’s confidentiality where appropriate and communicate in the individuals prefer method. Promote diversity, equality and Inclusion An example of Inclusive practice is encouraging choices, independence, empowering them as individuals and removing any barriers to access. Promote equality and rights, for example opportunity’s should be provided and the access according to the individuals needs. As a health and social care worker it is important that you can recognise discrimination and challenge it. Recognise stereotypes in attitudes or written materials and understand and be able to adapt own beliefs and attitudes. You should know how to report concerns regarding discrimination according to own policy and procedures.

The Federal Vs. State - 1058 Words

Federal v. State There has always been a huge political debate on what powers the federal government and what powers the state government should hold. Do you feel like dual federalism gives the states too much power? Do you feel like cooperative federalism was bad because there was no distinction between the federal government and the state government? Do you think that categorical grants are better than block grants because the money has a more specific purpose? From 1789 to 1937, most fundamental powers were distinctive between the federal and state governments. The main problem with dual federalism was that states did most of the governing, and the federal government could only do tasks that were explicitly stated in the constitution.†¦show more content†¦A prime example of why there were so many issues with dual federalism was the Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) case. This case sided with southern states’ view that slaves were property. The Supreme Court also emphasized the fact that the federal government should not exceed its enumerated powers. Since slavery was illegal in some states, there were many disputes and this contributed to the start of the Civil War. The main struggle of this issue came back to the fact that the states were given too much power under dual federalism. The shift from dual to cooperative was slow but eventually happened because of the growth of categorical grants and because the Great Depression required powerful actions from the national government. Cooperative federalism existed from the New Deal era until Reagan’s presidency to somewhat to this day. With the sharing of the federal and state powers, it was difficult to distinguish between when the national government began and when the state government ended. A big disadvantage of cooperative federalism was that it prevented states from creating their own decisions when the federal policy did not work. However, it was about time that the government changed into cooperative federalism because the United States needed a more powerful national government than before. Cooperative federalism consists of block grants and categorical grants. Block grants are helpful because